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The Hebrew terms ''tumah'' and ''taharah'' refer to ritual "impurity and purity" under Jewish law.〔Martin S. Jaffee ''Early Judaism: religious worlds of the first Judaic millennium'' 2006 - 277 "For the conceptual background of rabbinic conceptions of cleanliness and uncleanliness, including the relation of these concepts to moral conditions,.."〕〔''The Talmud of Babylonia: An American Translation IV: Pesahim'' ed. Jacob Neusner - 1993 "P. If the Israelites were half clean and half unclean, these prepare the offering by themselves, ... Kahuna's ruling: R. Lo, if half of the Israelites were clean and half unclean, the clean ones observe the first Passover and the"〕 The Hebrew noun ''tum'ah'' (טָמְאָה) "impurity" describes a state of ritual impurity. A person or object which contracts ''tumah'' is said to be ''tamei'' (Hebrew adjective, "ritually impure"), and thereby unsuited for certain ''kedusha'' (holy activities) or use until undergoing predefined purification actions that usually include the elapse of a specified time-period. The contrasting Hebrew noun ''taharah'' (טָהֳרָה) describes a state of ritual purity that qualifies the ''tahor'' (טָהוֹר) (ritually pure person or object) to be used for ''kedusha''. The most common method of achieving ''taharah'' is by the person or object being immersed in a ''mikveh'' (ritual bath). This concept is connected with ritual washing in Judaism, and both ritually impure and ritually pure states have parallels in ritual purification in other world religions. The laws of ''tumah'' and ''taharah'' were generally followed by the Israelites, particularly during the First and Second Temple Period, and to a limited extent are a part of applicable ''halakha'' in modern times. == Etymology == The Hebrew noun ''tum'ah'' (טָמְאָה) derives from the verb ''tam'a'' (טָמֵא), in the qal form of the verb "to become impure"; in the niphal to "defile oneself"; and in the transitive Piel to defile something or pronounce something impure.〔Brown Driver Briggs ''Hebrew Lexicon'' article ''ta'ama''〕 The verb stem has a corresponding adjective, ''tame'' (טָמֵא), "impure." Likewise the Hebrew noun ''tahara'' (טָהֳרָה) is also derived from a verb, in this case ''taher'' (טָהֵר) "to be ritually pure". and in the transitive piel "to purify". The verb and noun have a corresponding adjective, ''tahor'' (טָהוֹר), "ritually pure." The word is a cognate to the Arabic word 'طهارة' (pronounced almost identically, with the elongation of the second 'a') which has the same meaning in Islam. Some sources claim that the meaning is "entombed," meaning the person or item that is in the ''tame'' state is blocked and not in a state of receiving holy transmission. ''Tahor'', by contrast, is defined as "pure" in the sense that the person or object is in a clear state and can/may potentially serve as a conduit for Divine and Godly manifestation. Although ''tumah and taharah'' is sometimes translated as ''unclean and clean'', it is more a spiritual state than a physical one. Once initiated (for the physical signs that initiate tzaraath, zav and niddah, see below) it is generally immeasurable and unquantifiable by known mechanic detection methods, there is no measure of filth, unsanitary, or odorous affiliation with the state of ''tumah'', nor any mechanically measurable level of cleanliness, clarity, or physical purity for the state of ''taharah''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tumah and taharah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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